Parking, sleeping overnight and camping are not the same thing

Leaving the vehicle stationary. In almost all of Europe it is legal wherever any other car could park, and what happens inside is irrelevant.

Sleeping inside. In most countries it is NOT defined as an offence, and is therefore permitted. In six it is, and is prohibited in itself: Portugal, Andorra, Croatia, Tyrol, Vienna and almost all of the Netherlands. There the vehicle may be perfectly legally parked and the fine comes for sleeping.

Setting up. Prohibited in practically all of Europe outside a campsite. What changes from one country to another is WHICH GESTURE crosses the line.

Wedges under the wheel to level the vehicle. In Spain they are expressly permitted from 1 October 2026; in Italy, Andorra, Germany and Belgium they are the literal case of the offence. The same plastic block.

The most universally penalised act in Europe. They break the «only on tyres» condition wherever it exists.

The vehicle's outline seen from above. Putting anything outside it —awning, table, chair, washing hung out— turns parking into camping.